shaft key material properties

There is a section on the shaft which is carved in a specific shape. DIN 1.0737, 11SMnPb 37, S300Pb, 1926: Carbon Steel Axles, bolts, forged connecting rods, crankshafts, torsion bars, light gears, guide rods etc use The use of untreated alloy steels for gears is seldom, if ever, justified, and then, only when heat-treating facilities are lacking. Types - The keys shall be of the following types: Type A - Keys with both ends round. (6.4) and the torque transmitted by the shaft, 3 16 1 Td . #45 material is widely used in mechanical manufacturing and high-strength moving parts, such as turbine impellers, compressor pistons, shafts, gears, racks, steel wire and wire ropes. Modulus is a measure of the stiffness of a material, that is the resistance to deform/bend, and tensile strength is the resistance to break. Step Machine Key Stock When a keyway is damaged, cut a new, wider one. Spline shafts differ by the types of grooves or tongues that transmit torque. The surface hardness after quenching can reach 45-52 HRC. However, the microstructure of the key material shows much finer grains suggesting superior mechanical properties of 55C8 as compared to the shaft material. So the material used in key should be same as that of shaft. If direction is regularly reversed, determine length of square key required for a SF = 2.5: - Material properties: CD 1040 S y = 71 ksi HR 1213 S y =58 ksi . In stock and ready to ship. Regular size and Tolerance Round bar: Diameter 10-800mm The keys and bolts are subjected to shear and The standard controls the Dimensional characteristics of the key and not the material. Typically the torque comes into the shaft at one gear and leaves the shaft at another gear. [Ans. The following permissible stresses may be used : Permissible shear stress for shaft, bolt and key material = 33 MPa Permissible crushing stress for bolt and key material . At $5.00 per pound, this shaft can cost in the range of about $200. 1) Hardness Hardness refers to the ability of a material to withstand scratching or indenting on its surface. Cut it to length to create the machine key you need. It is one of the most commonly used material properties and can be applied to any solid material. Shear Failure of Keys. ASTM EN 19 steel is a alloy structural steel, EN 19 is used for engineering structural, use in Machine tool and automotive industries gear, gears, shafts, spindles, gears, bolts, studs and a wide variety of applications where a good quality high tensile steel grade is suited 6. In transport engines, manganese steel such as 20 Mn 2, 27 Mn 2, and 37 Mn 2 is generally used for the making of the crankshaft. (6.5) (Taking 1 = Shear stress for the shaft material) From Eqs. It provides the axis of rotation, or oscillation, of elements such as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and the like and controls the geometry of their motion. From the above equation evaluate l. l = 1.571 d ( 1/) Here if the material of the key is as same as the shaft material then 1 = . then. The allowable shear Childs, in Mechanical Design (Third Edition), 2021 4.1 Introduction. This International Standard specifies the dimensions of tapered shaft ends and hubs of fuel injection pumps and common-rail high pressure pumps for diesel (compression-ignitio n) engines. Surface finishing shaft with machined finish type, used at room temperature and 99.99% reliability. The material for the shafts and key is plain carbon steel for which allowable shear and crushing stresses may be taken as 40 MPa and 80 MPa respectively. The direction of force is constantly changing with the rotation of the shaft, meaning the stress is cyclical. Taking a factor of safety 3, select a suitable key for the gear. Hardness Max. The key is then starts deforming and after . C45 can also be instigated with induction hardening up to the hardness level of HRC 55. (iv) The material of the pin is same as that of shaft and key. Material; 1018-1045 Carbon Steel: 1095 Spring Steel: 8630 Alloy Steel: 4140 Alloy Steel: Steel: . Key Material Because key are loaded in shear, ductile material are used soft low carbon steel is the most common choice unless a corrosive environment is required brass or stainless steel . where L = Length of the key, = Shear stress for the key material, and d1 = Diameter of shaft. When looking at the fibers (carbon, aramid, or other) that go into making shafts, there are two key material properties in this application, Modulus and Tenacity (or simply tensile strength). ALLOY STEEL. The material properties are as follows: (i)The allowable shear and crushing stress for shaft and key material is 40 Mpa and 80 Mpa respectively. The objective of this chapter is to introduce the concepts and principles of shaft design.Specific attention is given to the arrangement of machine elements and features on a shaft, the connection of shafts, determining the deflection of shafts and critical speeds as well as specifying shaft dimensions for strength and . Firstly, we need to state that, shafts are very important machine elements. Typically, key stock is made from carbon steel or stainless steel, but can also be made from aluminum, brass, copper, monel, and even nylon, all with varying material grades. Design a cast iron protective flange coupling to connect two shafts in order to transmit 7.5 kW at 720 r.p.m. Solution. A VIM/VAR 300M alloy will have a plane-strain fracture toughness of ~ 66-77 MPa m 0.5 when the tensile strength is ~ 1900 MPa. Both of these materials offer excellent properties, however, the operating environment and part geometry will dictate which grade may be suitable for specific applications (more on this below). The gear is mounted on the shaft through a square key of length L=0.5". The key material should be the same strength and hardness as the shaft to prevent key failures. The shaft key is a machined element used for connecting the transmission shaft to rotating parts like gear. My threshold for low toughness would probably be < 20 MPa m 0.5. In order to find the length of the key to transmit full power of the shaft, the shearing strength of the key is equal to the torsional shear strength of the shaft. . The radius of the end-milled keyways in the key seat is 0.015". Similar to structures under tension or compression, two important mechanical properties of shafts under torque loads are shear stress and shear strain. What is the material for shaft keys? Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling and finished to size by cold drawing or turning and grinding. From the above statement, shearing strength of the key = the torsional shear strength of the shaft. 1. Shaft Design Design of Shaft on a Strength basis. Fatigue, Commercial shafts are made of low carbon steels. The driveshaft is used to transfer torque between components that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow relative motion between . Minimum Mechanical Properties Required by ASTM A213 and ASME SA-213. Allowable Pressure 316 1.4401 316L 1.4404 Mechanical Properties. The factor of safety for the shafts is assumed to be 2.5. The torque transmitted by the key, 2 d T l w . Download : Download high-res image (550KB) Continue Design a cast Iron (C.I) flange coupling for a mild steel shaft transmitting 90 kW at 250 rpm. The propeller shaft is a component used for transmitting mechanical power, torque, and rotation. UNI 6604 industry standard material is Steel, typically R> 588 N/mm^2 (C45 K). So, we use keys in the attachment of these elements to shafts. A key is a piece of steel inserted between the shaft and hub or boss of the pulley to connect these together in order to prevent relative motion between them. These shafts as also known as driveshaft, driving shaft, tail shaft, or Cardan shaft. View Unit 2_ Design of Shaft, Keys & Couplings(3) (1).pdf from ME MISC at Maharashtra Academy of Engineering & Educational Research MIT College of Engineering. Install in a keyway to transmit torque from shafts to gears and other components. l. The shaft is made from cold-drawn 1040 steel; hub is made from hot-rolled 1213 steel; and a cold-drawn 1020 steel key is to be used. The reason for this can be found by examining the equations for calculating key. With other metals, like aluminium and copper, there is no clear limit for cyclical stress resistance. This key stock is stepped to match repaired keyways in shafts or gears. Forged or normalized, C1045 is a medium carbon, medium tensile steel. The shaft rotates at a speed of 600 r.p.m. (iii) The allowable bearing pressure for rubber bush is 0.8 N/mm2. AISI 316 stainless is also available for marine applications. produced by hot-rolling and finished to size either by cold-drawing or by turning and grinding. With some of the machinery I work with, it has 3/8" key ways, the broach used on the sprokets, and pulleys is warn, and cuts narrow, and sometimes the keyway in the shaft is also a bit tight, but a few strokes with a file soon fixes that. 8. Assume that the key and shaft are made of the same material. The keys can be made from any material. we can write from Eqn 5 and Eqn 6. lw d/2 = (/16)1d3. Most Common Shaft Material Most motor manufacturers use SAE 1045 in either cold-rolled (CRS) or hot-rolled steel (HRS). Type B - Keys with both ends square. Three primary variables affect the performance characteristics of a device: materials, design, and process. A key is a piece of metal used to connect a rotating machine element to the shaft. A -inch shaft transmits 5 hp at 1750 rpm. Step Machine Key Stock. . 40Cr steel and other alloy steels are suitable for shaft parts with medium precision and high speed. Its unique resistance to crack propagation and high thermal expansion make it an excellent material for joining ceramics with metals like steel. The shear stress due to the torsion The keys can be made from any material. To ensure the key fits properly it should fit tight in the key shaft keyway and have a sliding fit in the hub keyway as this prevents rotation. 15.2.1 Sunk Keys. CRFP is characterized by high strength to weight ratios. Another important specification to consider is the key geometry and fit. Types . Rounded Machine Keys We did get something back telling us "c90" but I have no idea what that is. The shown dimensions on the sketch are: a 5, b=8", 1 = 10" a) Find the safety factor in the shaft. It should have good heat treatment properties. o The shaft is keyed for a 3/32" key, thus a close approximation for the actual yield strength is the materials yield strength (Keyed Yield Strength=398 MPa) o Loading is comprised of three components Moment-Based on cantilevered distance from bearing and radial load exerted on shaft from the miter gear (2.1 N-m) Minimum mechanical properties for annealed Alloys 316, 316L and 317L austenitic stainless steel as required by ASTM specifications ASTM A213 and ASME specification SA-213 are shown below. The material for the muff is cast iron for which the allowable shear stress may be assumed as 15 MPa. This grade is in majority situations . 1. Parallel key splines have ridges with a square profile. 6. and transmits 30 kW through a gear. MATERIAL OF PROPERTIES: The torsional shear stress in the hub is given The shafts are subjected to torsional shear stress. The standard sizes of the shaft. For a key to function properly, both the shaft and rotating elements (gear, pulley and coupling) must have a keyway and a keyseat. In general, we call the assembly sections of these parts shafts hubs. A sunk key is a key in which half of the thickness of key fits into the keyway in the shaft and half in the keyway of the hub. C45 grade steel is defined as a medium carbon steel offering tensile strengths in the modest range. The materials of the shaft The material having the following properties. Obviously, harder materials are more difficult to scratch or dent. CFRP ( Carbon Fiber, Reinforced Plastic) - The specific type of composite material used to produce shafts. Strength is denoted with capital letter S [N/m2] S E - Yield strength (lowest stress that produces permanent deformation) S G - Shear strength (lowest shear stress that produces permanent deformation) View Design of coupling-converted.pdf from MECHANICAL ME8593 at CHENNAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. The material and design properties that increase pushability (without kinking) and torque transmission reduce flexibility, resulting in a shaft that is less capable of navigating tortuous anatomies. Assume that the key and shaft are made of the same material. It is an important material property to keep in mind when designing shafts. BROWSE CATALOG. A key prevents a relative rotation between the two parts, and may enable torque transmission to occur. A standard sunk key is used for the shaft and hub. Material. FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) - Composite material containing a matrix (resin) and reinforcement ( carbon fiber ). Actually, during rotation the shaft and the machine element, say hub, each element exerts equal and opposite force on the key. August 15, 2015 - ISO. If a material is selected from the Material Database, values are inserted automatically into the following edit field, and the edit field is locked. Install in a keyway to transmit torque from shafts to gears and other components. SHAFT, KEYS & COUPLINGS UNIT2: SHAFT, Choose from our selection of steel key stock bars in a wide range of styles and sizes. As the term indicates, shear stress is the cause of this type of key failure. It should have a low-notch sensitivity factor. The function of the key and keyway is to prevent relative motion between shaft and hub. UDC 621.88~8 ( Second Reprint MARCH 1993 ) IS : 2048- 1983 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR PARALLEL KEYS AND KEYWAYS ( Second Revision / I. Scope- Covers the dimensions and tolerances for parallel keys and keyways. Shaft design considerations include: 1. Strength is an inherent property of a material built into the part because of the use of a particular material and process. Design a clamp coupling to transmit 40 kW at 150 rpm. Involute splines contain tapered ridges that decrease stress concentration. Quench & Tempered, Stress Relieved Through Hardened Alloy steel shaft with excellent mechanical properties. So, on the basis of strength, plain carbon steel of grade 40C8 (Syt = 380 N/mm2 ) is used as shaft material. The sunk keys are of the following types: Rectangular sunk key: It is the simplest type of key and has a rectangular cross-section. It should have good mechanization. Deflection and rigidity, a. Bending deflection, b. Torsional deflection, c. Slope at bearings, d. Shear deflection, 4. 1141 is a medium-carbon steel with higher mechanical properties than other medium carbon steels, as well as free machining properties. The length of key is obtained by considering the failure of key in shearing. These opposite forces introduce shear stress along the radius of the shaft. A free body dia-gram of the shaft will allow the torque at any section to be determined. We know that torque transmitted by shaft, Tmax = L w d1/2. Speed of shafts for different applications. Shaft Material Hub Material Specifies material values you enter, or selects a material from the Material Database. Design for shaft Let d = Diameter of the shaft. drive shaft material which has 1,000 - 1,300 hp. For a shaft key to function properly, both the shaft and rotating elements ( gear, pulley, and coupling) must have a keyway and a keyseat. A taper of about 1 in 100 is provided on its top side. However, studies have shown that this is considered better compared to the 350 to 400 hp OEM (original equipment manufacturer) steel material for drive shaft. To unlock the field, clear the check box. P.R.N. Alloy steels are used to some extent in the industrial field, but heat-treated plain carbon steels are far more common. The shaft shows coarse pearlitic and ferritic grains of almost equal proportions conforming to typical medium carbon 40C8 grade steel. Steel bars up to 200 mm in diameter are commercially available. Design of couplings 1. To avoid key failures due to overload, choose a key material with the same strength and hardness as the shaft or hub. What Material Is Key Stock Made From? . The material can be maneuvered with hardening by means of quenching and tempering on focused and restricted areas. Shaft material properties: Ssy 57 Ksi , Sut 68 Ksi,E 30 x 106 Psi Key material properties: Ssy-44 Ksi , Sut . A Shaft key is a piece of metal used to connect a rotating machine element to the shaft. Fore use in automatic and semi-automatic machines for repetition parts. A shaft key prevents a relative rotation between the two parts, and may enable torque transmission to occur. Shaft is subjected to tensile stresses, Shaft is subjected to bending moment Shaft subjected to Torsional moment Design of shaft on Rigidity basis. 230 photos. Specific Categories Of Transmission Shafts Axle-supports rotating elements like wheels, hoisting drums. A steel shaft has a diameter of 25 mm. . . Material selection, material treatments, 3. The material used for the shafts must have the following properties: It should have high strength. The torque is often relatively constant at steady state operation. The specified shaft ends and hubs may be used with or without Woodruff keys. . But modern couplings, particularly those made from alloy steels, have shorter hubs than this. The shaft key can fix, only if the shaft has a key seat and the hub has a keyway. The tensile and yield strength of the material of shaft are 650 MPa and 353 MPa respectively. 12L14: The addition of lead to this steel gives increased machinability, without marked effect on the mechanical properties. 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